GRAPHIC DESIGN

Simplicity Many experts suggest graphic design principles in the design work. for the sake of convenience of readers understand the content of messages delivered. In the letter should not use the font types that are difficult to read. Graphic designer is also commonly mentioned as KISS principle (Keep It Simple Stupid). This principle can be applied with the use of elements of free space (white space).

Balance circumstances or the strength of the similarity between each other and cause the balance of visual effects. The principle of balance: the balance of the formal (symmetrical) and informal balance. Balance to give the impression perfect formal, official, firm.

Unity Unity is the cohesion, consistency, integrity, or oneness, which is the substance of the composition. Examples are the graphics box made Litbang KOMPAS. Illustration, lines and text about the occurrence of the tsunami as one line in a box and given Raster to give an impression of unity is the message.

The emphasis (stress) meant to attract readers, so he wants to see and read the design in question. In this newspaper's design can be done with a column on the news. This will impress the importance of news to be read by readers. Also raise the size or the title of the news letter, that looks much different with other news.

Rhythm (repetition) repetition is the element supporting the work of art. Rhythm is the difference between the two lies in the existence of space, similar to the time interval between two-tone music continues the same. Graphic design to the interval in space or a vacuum or the distance between objects. For example, the distance between columns. The distance between the edge of paper with the text, the distance between the 10 images in one page, and so forth.

Line

Line in the graphic design is divided into 4, namely: vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and kurva. Work in graphic design, a line used to separate the positions of other graphical elements on the page. In addition can be used as a descriptive to the readers, as the separator between the two publications, or to give a different emphasis.

Shape

Occurred because the area is limited by a contour (lines) and / or limited by the existence of a different color or by a dark light on contour line or so is the texture. Form can be a natural form (figure), which does not exist at all like a natural (non-figure).

Room

space is due to perceptions about the depth of feeling so far and near, high and low, look through indra vision. These elements in the practice of newspapers such as graphic design elements used as a breathing space for the readers. This meant that not too tired to read the text that is too long. Termed empty space with white space (empty space).

Texture

Texture is a way of showing the sense of the surface material (material), which is deliberately created and are presented in order to achieve the form of appearance, whether in the form of real or pseudo. For example, the impression of wood texture, feathers or glass. Texture is the nature and quality of the physical surface of a material (material), such as rough, shiny, dull, dull, which can be applied in contrast, and harmonious.

Color

Color caused by differences in the quality of the light reflected by an object or emanated. At the time we see the color, we actually see the light waves that emanated projection or by an object that we see. (Wartmann, 2004). Color is a tool to attract attention. Color can show a specific effect of the show will be the effect of psychological own.

1. What is graphic design?
   What is graphic design? If there is such a question, whether the terbersit in your head? Previously many people berpersepsi that graphic design is the same as the advertising. Then there a difference between graphic design with advertising? While understanding of graphic design can be used as a combination of art and technology to communicate, influence, provide the visual display to communicate a message
   

2. What is a graphic designer?

3. I want to become a graphic designer, I have to start from?
   Many graduates who are interested in graphic design holds that the answers to the questions above is studying graphic software. They were surprised that they must learn the basic design. about 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional, observation and drawing. They need to develop the basics of visual language to communicate, so understood by others.
   Visual language consists of a 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional, namely: line, shape, texture, color, composition, volume, distance and combined with the balance, unity, proportion, and rhythm.
   

4. What is the process of design?
   In practice, the design process usually begins with the client and the purpose of clarification followed by analyzing the purpose and more mendetilnya.
   In the classroom, the process begins with a preliminary design of the task. It is very important to listen to the instructors / lecturers who are on the goal, this may in analogikan with professional designers are listening to its clients. Once you are given the task, you need to define the purpose of the task. Akan appear many brilliant ideas, but ideas that will not cemerlangpun most useful when you do not communicate a message or reach audiensisi expected. So that the necessary stages in the process design.
   

5. Why do I need to do all these tasks?
    The goal of graphic design education is to prepare students in the real world of work. As expressed in the article more understandable visual Communication Education Andi S. Boediman. Bagaimnapun task-based project better than the material based on the study. When students do their duties, they are learning by doing. Instructors / lecturers create tasks to further clarify the principles of design and develop the students' experience with the various issues and the media. So the old tasks that will be growing wealth to build a complex visual experience of students.
   
   In conclusion, the goal of the graphic design students is to develop berproses bright ideas in accordance with the tasks given. The idea is brilliant fishing hearings to think. The idea is brilliant can talk without having to explain. Bright ideas can communicate quickly.

When the first university established in Europe at the beginning of the second millennium, book became a great demand. Printing technology hadn’t been found at that time therefore a book had to be copied manually. Probably many months needed for just overwrote a book. To fulfill the demand of copying many books which were getting increased and to make the work of the man that doing the overwriting (scribes) became faster, the Black Letter Script were launched in small letter which was made with a thin-thick slim shape. Efficiency could be reached through the shape of this letter because of the thin-thick could made the writing works became faster. Another advantage was with the benefit of the beautiful slim shape, those letters could be written in a bigger amount on a page of a book.

The following are the important events in the history of graphic design development. Johannes Gutenberg (1398 -1468) found a moveable literacy technology in the year of 1447 with pressure model like the design used in Rhineland, Germany to produce wine. It was a revolutionary development that made possible a mass book production with a low budget, which became part of the information explosions on the moment of the European resurrection.

1851, The Great Exhibition

Held on Hyde London Park between May till October 1851 when the revolution of industry happened. This big exhibition focused on the culture and industry and celebrated the design and industrial technology. The exhibition was presented in a building in form of cast-iron structure and glasses, also called Cristal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton.

1892, Aristide Bruant, Toulouse-Lautrec

A French post-impressionist painter and art nouveau illustrator, Henri Toulouse-Lautrec painted many sides of Paris on the 19^th century in a poster and painting that expressed sympathy to a human-race. Though lithograph had been found in Austria by Alois Senefelder on 1796, Toulose-Lautrec helped to achieve the merger of industry and art.

1910, Modernism

Modernism was formed by urbanization and industrialization of the western community. A dogma that became the spirit of the modern design was “Form Follow Function” that been said by Louis Sullivan. The most powerful symbol of the glorious of modernization was a machine which also meant to be a future for the followers. An undecorated design more appropriated with machinery language, so the ornamental and decorative works of tradition was considered not suitable with the machinery esthetic.

1916, Dadaism

An art and literacy movement (1916-1923) was developed followed the period of the First World War and searched an original fact until the abolition of the traditional culture and esthetical shape. Dadaism brought a new idea, orientation and material, but with a little uniformity. The principle was the intended irrationality, the sinister and anarchy character, and the refusal to the beauty law.

1916, De Stijl

Dutch style, De Stijl was an art and a design movement developed by a magazine from a same name found by Theo Van Doesburg. De Stijl used a shape of strong square, used the basic colors and metrical composition. The following picture is Red and Blue Chair which was designed by Gerrit Rietveld.

1919, Bauhaus

Bauhaus was opened on 1919 under the instruction of the famous architect Walter Gropius. Until finally had to be closed on 1933. Bauhaus started some fresh approach of design followed the First World War with some style focused on the function instead of the ornament.

1928-1930, Gill Sans

The typographer Eric Gill learned to Edward Johnston and refined the Underground type into the Gill Sans type. Gill Sans was a kind of Sans Serif Letter with classical proportion and the graceful geometric character which give it a great versatility.

1931, Harry Beck

The graphic designer Harry Beck (1903-1974) created the London Underground Map on 1931. An abstract work contained a little relation to the physical scale. Beck focused on the user necessity of how to move from one station to another station and where should change train.

1950s, International Style

International or Swiss style was based on the revolutionary principle 1920s like De Stijl, Bauhaus and Neue Typography, and it became legal on 1950s. Grid, mathematical principle, a little decoration and kind of sans serif letters became rules like typography was upgraded to show more the universal function than personal expression.

1951, Helvetica

Created by Max Miedinger, a Swiss Designer, Helvetica was one of the most popular and famous alphabetical type in the world. Having clean appearance, unlined, illogical based on the letter of Akzidenz-Grotesk. At the beginning it was called Hass Grostesk, but then the name changed into Helvetica on 1960. Helvetica’s family has 34 thickness models and Neue Helvetica has 51 models.

1960s, Psychedelia and Pop Art

The popular culture on the 1960s like music, art, design and literacy became easier to be accessed and reflected daily life. Intended and clear, Pop Art developed as a contradiction action to the abstract art. The picture below is a picture by Milton Glaser that focused on the silhouette style of Marcel Duchamp combined with the round calligraphy. It was printed more than 6 million exemplars.

1984, Émigré

The American graphic design magazine, émigré was firstly published to use Macintosh computer, and affect the graphic designer to alter to the publishing desktop (DPT). This magazine also act as a typography experiment forum.